HIV targets and weakens the immune system by destroying CD4 cells, which are essential for fighting infections. As the virus progresses, the immune system becomes more vulnerable to illnesses and infections. If untreated, It can develop into AIDS, the most severe stage of the infection.
Effects of HIV
1. Early Symptoms
During the first few weeks of infection, some people experience flu-like symptoms. These may include:
- Fever
- Fatigue
- Swollen lymph nodes
- Sore throat
- Muscle aches
Not everyone experiences symptoms at this stage, making early detection challenging.
2. Long-Term Effects
The immune system becomes increasingly compromised. This can lead to:
- Opportunistic Infections: Infections that occur more frequently and severely due to a weakened immune system.
- Weight Loss: Unexplained and rapid weight loss.
- Persistent Fevers: Regular fevers without any clear cause.
- Night Sweats: Excessive sweating during sleep.
- Skin Rashes: Unusual skin issues that may not heal easily.
- Neurological Problems: Memory loss, depression, and confusion.
3. AIDS
Without treatment, HIV leads to AIDS, characterized by severe immune system damage. At this stage, life-threatening infections and cancers can develop.
How is HIV Transmitted?
It spreads through contact with certain bodily fluids from an infected person. Common transmission methods include:
- Unprotected Sexual Contact: Vaginal, anal, or oral sex without a condom or preventive medication.
- Sharing Needles: Using contaminated needles or syringes.
- Blood Transfusions: Rare, but possible if the blood supply is not properly screened.
- Mother to Child: Transmission can occur during childbirth or breastfeeding.
Precautions to Prevent HIV
1. Practice Safe Sex
Always use condoms during sexual activity. If you are at higher risk, consider pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), a medication that reduces the risk of contracting HIV.
2. Avoid Sharing Needles
Never share needles or syringes. Use new, sterile needles every time to reduce the risk of infection.
3. Regular Testing
Get tested regularly, especially if you have multiple sexual partners. Early detection can prevent the virus from progressing and protect your health.
4. Treatment for Pregnant Women
Pregnant women living with HIV should receive antiretroviral therapy (ART) to reduce the risk of transmitting the virus to their child.
5. Use Post-Exposure Prophylaxis (PEP)
If you think you have been exposed to HIV, take PEP within 72 hours. This emergency medication significantly lowers the risk of infection.
Living with HIV
1. Start Treatment Immediately
Antiretroviral therapy (ART) helps control the virus and prevents it from progressing to AIDS. It lowers the viral load, allowing the immune system to recover.
2. Maintain a Healthy Lifestyle
Eat a balanced diet, exercise regularly, and get enough rest. A healthy lifestyle strengthens the immune system and improves overall well-being.
3. Stay Connected
Join support groups or connect with others living. Emotional and mental health support plays a crucial role in managing the condition.
4. Follow Medical Advice
Always follow your doctor’s recommendations and attend regular check-ups. Consistent monitoring ensures the treatment is effective.
Common Myths About HIV
1. Can You Get HIV from Casual Contact?
No, does not spread through casual contact like hugging, shaking hands, or sharing food and drinks.
2. Is HIV a Death Sentence?
No, with proper treatment, people living with can lead long and healthy lives.
3. Can Mosquitoes Spread HIV?
No, mosquitoes and other insects do not transmit.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
1. How long can someone live with HIV?
With effective treatment, people living with HIV can have a normal lifespan.
2. Can virus be cured?
Currently, there is no cure for it, but antiretroviral therapy (ART) effectively manages the virus.
3. How often should I get tested for HIV?
If you are sexually active or at risk, testing every 3 to 6 months is recommended.
4. Can I have children if I am living with HIV?
Yes, with proper medical care and treatment, people with HIV can have healthy, HIV-negative children.
5. Is its medication expensive?
Many programs and insurance plans help cover the cost of HIV treatment, making it affordable.
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The information on this page is merely supplemental. The information provided here is not intended to replace the counsel of a licensed physician. This page does not recommend that using this medication is appropriate or safe. Therefore, before taking this medication or any other medication, it is recommended that you consult your doctor.
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